虚拟身份验证器
一种Web身份验证器模型的表示形式.
Web 应用程序可以启用基于公钥的身份验证机制（称为 Web 身份验证）以无密码方式对用户进行身份验证。 Web 身份验证 定义了允许用户创建公钥凭据并将其注册到身份验证器的 API。 身份验证器可以是硬件设备或软件实体，用于存储用户的公钥凭证并根据请求检索它们。
顾名思义，虚拟身份验证器模拟此类身份验证器进行测试。
虚拟身份验证器选项
虚拟身份验证器具有 一组属性。 这些属性在 Selenium 绑定中映射为 VirtualAuthenticatorOptions。
public void testVirtualOptions() {
VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.setIsUserVerified(true)
.setHasUserVerification(true)
.setIsUserConsenting(true)
.setTransport(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Transport.USB)
.setProtocol(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F) // Create virtual authenticator options
VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.SetIsUserVerified(true)
.SetHasUserVerification(true)
.SetIsUserConsenting(true)
.SetTransport(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Transport.USB)
.SetProtocol(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F)
.SetHasResidentKey(false); options = VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
options.is_user_verified = True
options.has_user_verification = True
options.is_user_consenting = True
options.transport = VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Transport.USB
options.protocol = VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F
options.has_resident_key = False options.setHasUserVerification(true);
options.setIsUserConsenting(true);
options.setTransport(Transport['USB']);
options.setProtocol(Protocol['U2F']);
options.setHasResidentKey(false);
assert(Object.keys(options).length === 6);添加虚拟身份验证器
它使用提供的属性创建一个新的虚拟身份验证器。
public void testCreateAuthenticator() {
VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.setProtocol(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F)
.setHasResidentKey(false);
VirtualAuthenticator authenticator = // Create virtual authenticator options
VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.SetProtocol(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F)
.SetHasResidentKey(false);
// Register a virtual authenticator
((WebDriver)driver).AddVirtualAuthenticator(options);
List<Credential> credentialList = ((WebDriver)driver).GetCredentials(); options = VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
options.protocol = VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F
options.has_resident_key = False
# Register a virtual authenticator
driver.add_virtual_authenticator(options) options.setProtocol(Protocol['U2F']);
options.setHasResidentKey(false);
// Register a virtual authenticator
await driver.addVirtualAuthenticator(options);删除虚拟身份验证器
删除之前添加的虚拟身份验证器。
VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.SetProtocol(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F)
.SetHasResidentKey(false);
String virtualAuthenticatorId = ((WebDriver)driver).AddVirtualAuthenticator(options);
((WebDriver)driver).RemoveVirtualAuthenticator(virtualAuthenticatorId); options = VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
# Register a virtual authenticator
driver.add_virtual_authenticator(options)
# Remove virtual authenticator
driver.remove_virtual_authenticator() await driver.addVirtualAuthenticator(options);
await driver.removeVirtualAuthenticator();创建永久凭据
使用给定的所需凭据 参数 创建一个永久(有状态的)凭据。
byte[] credentialId = {1, 2, 3, 4};
byte[] userHandle = {1};
Credential residentCredential = Credential.createResidentCredential( byte[] credentialId = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
byte[] userHandle = { 1 };
Credential residentCredential = Credential.CreateResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", base64EncodedPK, userHandle, 0); # parameters for Resident Credential
credential_id = bytearray({1, 2, 3, 4})
rp_id = "localhost"
user_handle = bytearray({1})
privatekey = urlsafe_b64decode(BASE64__ENCODED_PK)
sign_count = 0
# create a resident credential using above parameters
resident_credential = Credential.create_resident_credential(credential_id, rp_id, user_handle, privatekey, sign_count) options.setProtocol(Protocol['CTAP2']);
options.setHasResidentKey(true);
options.setHasUserVerification(true);
options.setIsUserVerified(true);
await driver.addVirtualAuthenticator(options);
let residentCredential = new Credential().createResidentCredential(
new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
'localhost',
new Uint8Array([1]),
Buffer.from(BASE64_ENCODED_PK, 'base64').toString('binary'),
0);
await driver.addCredential(residentCredential);创建临时凭据
使用给定的所需凭据 参数 创建一个常驻(无状态)凭据。
VirtualAuthenticator authenticator = ((HasVirtualAuthenticator) driver).addVirtualAuthenticator(options);
byte[] credentialId = {1, 2, 3, 4}; byte[] credentialId = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
Credential nonResidentCredential = Credential.CreateNonResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", base64EncodedEC256PK, 0); # parameters for Non Resident Credential
credential_id = bytearray({1, 2, 3, 4})
rp_id = "localhost"
privatekey = urlsafe_b64decode(BASE64__ENCODED_PK)
sign_count = 0
# create a non resident credential using above parameters
credential = Credential.create_non_resident_credential(credential_id, rp_id, privatekey, sign_count) let nonResidentCredential = new Credential().createNonResidentCredential(
new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
'localhost',
Buffer.from(base64EncodedPK, 'base64').toString('binary'),
0);添加凭据
向身份验证器注册凭据。
@Disabled("A fix was implemented and will be available in Selenium 4.34.")
public void testCreateAndAddNonResidentialKey() {
VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.setProtocol(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F)
.setHasResidentKey(false);
VirtualAuthenticator authenticator = ((HasVirtualAuthenticator) driver).addVirtualAuthenticator(options);
byte[] credentialId = {1, 2, 3, 4};
Credential nonResidentCredential = Credential.createNonResidentCredential( VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.SetProtocol(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.U2F)
.SetHasResidentKey(false);
((WebDriver)driver).AddVirtualAuthenticator(options);
byte[] credentialId = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
Credential nonResidentCredential = Credential.CreateNonResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", base64EncodedEC256PK, 0);
((WebDriver)driver).AddCredential(nonResidentCredential); driver.add_credential(credential) options.setProtocol(Protocol['U2F']);
options.setHasResidentKey(false);
await driver.addVirtualAuthenticator(options);
let nonResidentCredential = new Credential().createNonResidentCredential(
new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
'localhost',
Buffer.from(base64EncodedPK, 'base64').toString('binary'),
0);
await driver.addCredential(nonResidentCredential);获取凭据
返回身份验证者拥有的凭据列表。
@Test
public void testGetCredential() {
VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.setProtocol(VirtualAuthenticatorOptions.Protocol.CTAP2)
.setHasResidentKey(true)
.setHasUserVerification(true)
.setIsUserVerified(true);
VirtualAuthenticator authenticator = ((HasVirtualAuthenticator) driver).addVirtualAuthenticator(options);
byte[] credentialId = {1, 2, 3, 4};
byte[] userHandle = {1};
Credential residentCredential = Credential.createResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", rsaPrivateKey, userHandle, /*signCount=*/0);
authenticator.addCredential(residentCredential); VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.SetProtocol(Protocol.CTAP2)
.SetHasResidentKey(true)
.SetHasUserVerification(true)
.SetIsUserVerified(true);
((WebDriver)driver).AddVirtualAuthenticator(options);
byte[] credentialId = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
byte[] userHandle = { 1 };
Credential residentCredential = Credential.CreateResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", base64EncodedPK, userHandle, 0);
((WebDriver)driver).AddCredential(residentCredential);
List<Credential> credentialList = ((WebDriver)driver).GetCredentials(); credential_list = driver.get_credentials() options.setProtocol(Protocol['CTAP2']);
options.setHasResidentKey(true);
options.setHasUserVerification(true);
options.setIsUserVerified(true);
await driver.addVirtualAuthenticator(options);
let residentCredential = new Credential().createResidentCredential(
new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
'localhost',
new Uint8Array([1]),
Buffer.from(BASE64_ENCODED_PK, 'base64').toString('binary'),
0);
await driver.addCredential(residentCredential);
let credentialList = await driver.getCredentials();删除凭据
根据传递的凭据ID从身份验证器中删除凭据。
((WebDriver)driver).AddVirtualAuthenticator(new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions());
byte[] credentialId = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
Credential nonResidentCredential = Credential.CreateNonResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", base64EncodedEC256PK, 0);
((WebDriver)driver).AddCredential(nonResidentCredential);
((WebDriver)driver).RemoveCredential(credentialId); @Test
public void testRemoveCredential() {
VirtualAuthenticator authenticator =
((HasVirtualAuthenticator) driver).addVirtualAuthenticator(new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions());
byte[] credentialId = {1, 2, 3, 4};
Credential credential = Credential.createNonResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", rsaPrivateKey, 0);
authenticator.addCredential(credential); driver.remove_credential(credential.id)删除所有凭据
从身份验证器中删除所有凭据。
@Test
public void testRemoveAllCredentials() {
VirtualAuthenticator authenticator =
((HasVirtualAuthenticator) driver).addVirtualAuthenticator(new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions());
byte[] credentialId = {1, 2, 3, 4};
Credential residentCredential = Credential.createNonResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", rsaPrivateKey, /*signCount=*/0);
authenticator.addCredential(residentCredential); ((WebDriver)driver).AddVirtualAuthenticator(new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions());
byte[] credentialId = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
Credential nonResidentCredential = Credential.CreateNonResidentCredential(
credentialId, "localhost", base64EncodedEC256PK, 0);
((WebDriver)driver).AddCredential(nonResidentCredential);
((WebDriver)driver).RemoveAllCredentials(); driver.remove_all_credentials() await driver.addVirtualAuthenticator(options);
let nonResidentCredential = new Credential().createNonResidentCredential(
new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
'localhost',
Buffer.from(BASE64_ENCODED_PK, 'base64').toString('binary'),
0);
await driver.addCredential(nonResidentCredential);
await driver.removeAllCredentials();设置用户验证状态
设置身份验证器是模拟用户验证成功还是失败。
@Test
public void testSetUserVerified() { VirtualAuthenticatorOptions options = new VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
.SetIsUserVerified(true); # Create virtual authenticator options
options = VirtualAuthenticatorOptions()
options.is_user_verified = True options.setIsUserVerified(true);
